Fuels derived from the petrol provide 98% of the energy the society requires to move. 2050 seems to be the date, according to the European Commission, where most of the conventional vehicles we use every day will be replaced by Electrical Vehicles (EV).

There are several reasons for that, being the most important:

1. As conventional vehicles are usually powered by non-renewable fuels (petrol by-products), the depletion of petrol will force - sooner or later - to use other sources of primary energy.
2. Air pollution and CO₂ emissions will be reduced in general and derived from populated areas to remote locations, where the electricity is usually generated.

These two reasons are complemented with some other advantages such as low noise emissions, low maintenance requirements, etc. what will force the change from Internal Combustion Engine to Electrical Vehicles.

Additionally, the EV is more energy efficient than the conventional vehicles.  According to several experiences and comparisons performed worldwide, an average EV needs energy of 0,220 kWh/km, accounting for the generation efficiencies, losses, etc. may render in 2937 kWh/km.

A similar gasoline car will require 3430 kWh/km and a diesel 3019 kWh/km what makes EVs with 10% more efficient, with a reduction of CO₂ higher than 30%. In case all the production chain were considered (refineries, etc.) the resultant energy efficiency is higher than 30% for the EV.

If these figures are so definite, what is the reason that prevents the full deployment of EVs?

Basically, we have two reasons, the first is the EV performances (low maximum range and high cost) and the second is the electricity distribution networks that would be required and that will require high reinforcement investments in the near future.